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Integrated Climate Data Center
CENIntegrated Climate Data Center ICDC

Foto: getty images/L. Calvetti

GFDL

The GFDL-CM4 and GFDL-ESM4 models use the AM4.0 atmosphere–land model as documented in Zhao et al. (2018) with 100 km horizontal resolution. CM4 has 33 vertical atmospheric levels whereas ESM4 has 49 vertical levels. These are coupled to the ocean and sea ice models MOM6 and SIS2, which are run under the OM4.0 configurations described in Adcroft et al. (2019). CM4 and ESM4 use nominal 0.25 and 0.5∘ horizontal ocean and sea ice resolutions, respectively. Both models have 75 vertical ocean layers. The CM4 model is documented in Held et al. (2019).

The SIS2.0 sea ice model has four sea ice layers and one snow layer and uses thermodynamics similar to Bitz and Lipscomb (1999), except that brine has the heat capacity of seawater rather than that of sea ice. The model uses the shortwave radiative transfer method of Briegleb and Light (2007), using the same code as the Community Sea Ice model CICE4.1 (Hunke and Lipscomb, 2010). The thermodynamic solver couples ice temperatures implicitly to the atmosphere via a surface skin temperature calculation (Winton, 2000). Ice salinities in each ice layer are prescribed as in CICE4.1. The model uses a constant coupling coefficient for basal ice–ocean heat flux of 240 W/m2/K and does not include a lateral melting scheme. SIS2.0 has a prognostic ice thickness distribution (ITD) with five ice thickness categories that are managed using the Lagrangian scheme of Bitz et al. (2001). Ice dynamics are computed using a C-grid horizontal stencil and an elastic–viscous–plastic rheology following Bouillon et al. (2009). Sea ice strength is calculated based on grid-cell-averaged thickness and concentration following the formulation of Hibler (1979).

Institution: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
Modell: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Climate Model version 4.0 (GFDL-CM4)
Auflösung: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 25 km, ocnBgchem: 25 km, seaIce: 25 km
Komponenten: aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.0.1 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 33 levels; top level 1 hPa), atmosChem: fast chemistry, aerosol only, land: GFDL-LM4.0.1 (1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 20 levels; bottom level 10m); land-Veg:unnamed (dynamic vegetation, dynamic land use); land-Hydro:unnamed (soil water and ice, multi-layer snow, rivers and lakes), landIce: GFDL-LM4.0.1, ocean: GFDL-OM4p25 (GFDL-MOM6, tripolar - nominal 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1080 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: GFDL-BLINGv2, seaIce: GFDL-SIM4p25 (GFDL-SIS2.0, tripolar - nominal 0.25 deg; 1440 x 1080 longitude/latitude; 5 layers; 5 thickness categories)
Kontakt: GFDL Climat Model Info, email: gfdl.climate.model.ino (at) noaa.gov
Referenzen: Zhao, M., et al., The GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation characteristics with prescribed SSTs, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 10, 691-734, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001208   
Information: https://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/cerasearch/cmip6?input=CMIP6.ScenarioMIP.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-CM4 // https://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/cerasearch/cmip6?input=CMIP6.ScenarioMIP.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-ESM4