Remon Sadikni

@article{af52a3e454d84a339325d0792eda6478,

title = "The baltic and north seas climatology (BNSC): A comprehensive, observation-based data product of atmospheric and hydrographic parameters",

abstract = "The Baltic and North Seas Climatology (BNSC) presented here is a new climatology calculated solely from marine in situ observations. Created in cooperation between University of Hamburg (UHH), Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency [Bundesamt f{\"u}r Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH)] and German Meteorological Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)], the BNSC is an update of the KLIWAS (“Klimawandel und Wasserstra{\ss}en”) climatology for the North Sea and is extended to the Baltic Sea. A thorough quality control, the reduction of the temporal sampling error and spatial and temporal averaging were applied to the observations, yielding time series of gridded fields of atmospheric and hydrographic parameters in the region of the Baltic, the North Sea and adjacent regions of the North Atlantic. The atmospheric subset of the BNSC consists of time series of monthly mean gridded fields of 2 m air and dew point temperature and air pressure at sea level for the period 1950–2015 on a horizontal 1° × 1° grid. Climatological fields are provided as well. The hydrographic part of the BNSC comprises the variables water temperature and salinity on 105 depth levels for the time interval 1873–2015. The grid boxes' edge length is 0.25° in both zonal and meridional direction. Monthly and annual mean fields are provided as well as decadal monthly mean fields. To create homogenous fields, the method of objective analysis was applied to the fields of decadal means. Furthermore, an extensive sensitivity study was carried out to assess the sensitivity of the data product to the amount of observational data. The BNSC introduced here is compared to several different data products: three reanalyses (ERA-Interim, ERA-40 and COSMO-REA6), the corresponding KLIWAS product and meteorological station data for the atmospheric part. The hydrographic subset is compared to the KLIWAS climatology, the BALTIC ATLAS and the Baltic Sea Physical Reanalysis Product. The BNSC data product allows studying of climate variability but also holds the chance to validate regional numerical climate simulations, which makes it a valuable reference data set. The BSNC is freely available via the website of University of Hamburg's Integrated Climate Data Center.",

keywords = "Baltic Sea, North Sea, climatology, in situ data, quality control, reanalysis",

author = "I. Hinrichs and A. Jahnke-Bornemann and Axel Andersson and A. Ganske and V. Gouretski and Corinna Jensen and Birgit Klein and Jens M{\"o}ller and R. Sadikni and B. Tinz",

note = "Export Date: 22 August 2019 Correspondence Address: Hinrichs, I.; CEN, University of HamburgGermany; email: iris.hinrichs@uni-hamburg.de Funding details: EXC177 Funding details: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG Funding details: Universit{\"a}t Hamburg, UH Funding details: DOD Funding details: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, ICES Funding details: National Cancer Research Institute, NCRI Funding details: British Atmospheric Data Centre, BADC Funding details: Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee, NIOZ Funding text 1: This work was partly funded by the Cluster of Excellence CliSAP (EXC177) Universit{\"a}t Hamburg, funded through the German Science Foundation (DFG). IH received funding for this work from BSH. Funding text 2: The authors would like to thank the Maritime Data Center of the DWD for providing the atmospheric observational data. The hydrographic observational data were obtained from different data sources. Thanks, for providing marine in situ data, to the World Ocean Data Center (WOD), the Deutsches Ozeanografisches Datenzentrum, Germany (DOD), the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnem{\"u}nde, Germany (IOW), the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland (IMGW-PIB), the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), the University of Aarhus, and the International ARGO-Project (www.ifremer.fr). The authors would like to thank Kerstin Jochumsen, Sabine H{\"u}ttl-Kabus, Nils Schade, Hartmut Heinrich, (all BSH), Natacha F{\'e}ry (DWD) and Manfred Bersch (UHH) for support and useful discussions concerning the work presented in this paper. Thanks to Detlef Stammer for the support of this work. This work would not have been possible without the wealth of scientific observations in the North and Baltic Sea region. To take measurements at sea and analyze the samples is often a stressful, yet important, work. The authors are grateful to all the scientists and technicians that were involved in sampling, analyzing and publishing the observational data via the data centers. The authors would like to thank the two reviewers for their valuable and detailed comments which helped to improve the manuscript.",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "2",

doi = "10.3389/feart.2019.00158",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Frontiers in Earth Science",

issn = "2296-6463",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",

@article{f17c1b05e9804dbc8e02c0950924acb3,

title = "The KLIWAS North Sea Climatology. Part II: Assessment against Global Reanalyses",

abstract = "Observational reference datasets are needed in atmosphere and ocean for quality assessments of climate models and for the evaluation of atmospheric reanalyses. To meet this demand on the regional scale, the Climate Water Navigation (KLIWAS) North Sea climatology (KNSC) was developed. This paper uses KNSC to assess the quality of five atmospheric reanalysis products [ERA-40; ERA-Interim; NCEP-1; 20CR, version 2 (20CRv2); and MERRA] over the North Sea from 1979 to 2001. Differences in sea level pressure (2-m air temperature) can be found in coastal regions for ERA-40/ERA-Interim and MERRA, and are more pronounced during positive (negative) phases of the NAO. 20CRv2 shows biases over the entire North Sea and all seasons of several hectopascals. ERA-40 and ERA-Interim show a negative 2-m air temperature bias relative to KNSC along the coastal mainland of Europe, especially during winter months, possibly a result of a remaining land influence. Mean differences result from winter and fall, mostly remaining within measurement uncertainties. Despite the upgrades in the model setup, ERA-Interim shows negligible differences from ERA-40. 20CRv2 and MERRA show positive (negative) biases during the summer (winter) half year. NCEP-1 follows ERA-40/ERA-Interim but mostly with slightly higher differences. All five reanalyses reproduce the decadal variability and climate shift signals present in KNSC fields. Overall, only 20CRv2 has to be considered as clearly unsatisfactorily regarding biases, MAE, and RMSE compared to all other datasets investigated. This study suggests that similar intercomparison studies, performed over other parts of the world{\textquoteright}s oceans, especially coastal regions, can be very helpful in identifying shortcomings in atmospheric reanalysis products.",

keywords = "Climatology, Databases, In situ atmospheric observations, Reanalysis data, Ship observations",

author = "Schade, {Nils H.} and Remon Sadikni and Annika Jahnke-Bornemann and Iris Hinrichs and Lydia Gates and Birger Tinz and Detlef Stammer",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0045.1",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

pages = "127--145",

journal = "Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology",

issn = "0739-0572",

publisher = "American Meteorological Society",

number = "1",

@article{aed72f871a154fd68a9ce05a681ff3be,

title = "The KLIWAS North Sea Climatology. Part I: Processing of the Atmospheric Data",

abstract = "Climatological reference data serve as validation of regional climate models, as the boundary condition for the model runs, and as input for assimilation systems used by reanalyses. Within the framework of the interdisciplinary research program Climate Water Navigation (KLIWAS): Impacts of Climate Change on Waterways and Navigation of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, a new climatology of the North Sea and adjacent regions was developed in an joint effort by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, the German Weather Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)], and the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC) of the University of Hamburg. Long-term records of monthly and annual mean 2-m air temperature, dewpoint temperature, and sea level pressure data from 1950 to 2010 were calculated on a horizontal 1° × 1° grid. All products were based on quality-controlled data from DWD{\textquoteright}s Marine Data Centre. Correction methods were implemented for each parameter to reduce the sampling error resulting from the sparse coverage of observations in certain regions. Comparisons between sampling error estimates based on ERA-40 and the climatology products show that the sampling error was reduced effectively. The climatologies are available for download on the ICDC{\textquoteright}s website and will be updated regularly regarding new observations and additional parameters. An extension to the Baltic Sea is in progress.",

keywords = "In situ atmospheric observations",

author = "Remon Sadikni and Schade, {Nils H.} and Axel Andersson and Annika Jahnke-Bornemann and Iris Hinrichs and Lydia Gates and Birger Tinz and Detlef Stammer",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0044.1",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

pages = "111--126",

journal = "Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology",

issn = "0739-0572",

publisher = "American Meteorological Society",

number = "1",